rhai/doc/src/patterns/singleton.md
2020-08-07 18:40:31 +08:00

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Singleton Command Object
=======================
{{#include ../links.md}}
Usage Scenario
--------------
* A system provides core functionalities, but no driving logic.
* The driving logic must be dynamic and hot-loadable.
* A script is used to drive the system and provide control intelligence.
* The API is multiplexed, meaning that it can act on multiple system-provided entities, or
* The API lends itself readily to an object-oriented (OO) representation.
Key Concepts
------------
* Expose a Command type with an API. The [`no_object`] feature must not be on.
* Leverage [function overloading] to simplify the API design.
* Since Rhai is _[sand-boxed]_, it cannot mutate the environment. To perform external actions via an API, the command object type must be wrapped in a `RefCell` (or `RwLock`/`Mutex` for [`sync`]) and shared to the [`Engine`].
* Load each command object into a custom [`Scope`] as constant variables.
* Control each command object in script via the constants.
Implementation
--------------
There are two broad ways for Rhai to control an external system, both of which involve
wrapping the system in a shared, interior-mutated object.
This is the other way which involves directly exposing the data structures of the external system
as a name singleton object in the scripting space.
Use this when the API is complex and clearly object-based.
For a relatively simple API that is action-based and not object-based,
use the [Control Layer]({{rootUrl}}/patterns/control.md) pattern instead.
### Functional API
Assume the following command object type:
```rust
struct EnergizerBunny { ... }
impl EnergizerBunny {
pub fn new () -> Self { ... }
pub fn go (&mut self) { ... }
pub fn stop (&mut self) { ... }
pub fn is_going (&self) { ... }
pub fn get_speed (&self) -> i64 { ... }
pub fn set_speed (&mut self, speed: i64) { ... }
pub fn turn (&mut self, left_turn: bool) { ... }
}
```
### Wrap Command Object Type as Shared
```rust
let SharedBunnyType = Rc<RefCell<EnergizerBunny>>;
```
### Register the Custom Type
```rust
engine.register_type_with_name::<SharedBunnyType>("EnergizerBunny");
```
### Register Methods and Getters/Setters
```rust
engine
.register_get_set("power",
|bunny: &mut SharedBunnyType| bunny.borrow().is_going(),
|bunny: &mut SharedBunnyType, on: bool| {
if on {
if bunny.borrow().is_going() {
println!("Still going...");
} else {
bunny.borrow_mut().go();
}
} else {
if bunny.borrow().is_going() {
bunny.borrow_mut().stop();
} else {
println!("Already out of battery!");
}
}
}
).register_get("speed", |bunny: &mut SharedBunnyType| {
if bunny.borrow().is_going() {
bunny.borrow().get_speed()
} else {
0
}
}).register_set_result("speed", |bunny: &mut SharedBunnyType, speed: i64| {
if speed <= 0 {
Err("Speed must be positive!".into())
} else if speed > 100 {
Err("Bunny will be going too fast!".into())
} else if !bunny.borrow().is_going() {
Err("Bunny is not yet going!".into())
} else {
b.borrow_mut().set_speed(speed);
Ok(().into())
}
}).register_fn("turn_left", |bunny: &mut SharedBunnyType| {
if bunny.borrow().is_going() {
bunny.borrow_mut().turn(true);
}
}).register_fn("turn_right", |bunny: &mut SharedBunnyType| {
if bunny.borrow().is_going() {
bunny.borrow_mut().turn(false);
}
});
```
### Push Constant Command Object into Custom Scope
```rust
let bunny: SharedBunnyType = Rc::new(RefCell::(EnergizerBunny::new()));
let mut scope = Scope::new();
scope.push_constant("BUNNY", bunny.clone());
engine.consume_with_scope(&mut scope, script)?;
```
### Use the Command API in Script
```rust
// Access the command object via constant variable 'BUNNY'.
if !BUNNY.power { BUNNY.power = true; }
if BUNNY.speed > 50 { BUNNY.speed = 50; }
BUNNY.turn_left();
```