rhai/src/optimize.rs

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//! Module implementing the AST optimizer.
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use crate::any::Dynamic;
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use crate::calc_fn_hash;
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use crate::engine::{
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Engine, KEYWORD_DEBUG, KEYWORD_EVAL, KEYWORD_FN_PTR, KEYWORD_PRINT, KEYWORD_TYPE_OF,
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};
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use crate::fn_native::FnPtr;
use crate::module::Module;
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use crate::parser::{map_dynamic_to_expr, Expr, ReturnType, ScriptFnDef, Stmt, AST};
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use crate::scope::{Entry as ScopeEntry, EntryType as ScopeEntryType, Scope};
use crate::utils::StaticVec;
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#[cfg(feature = "internals")]
use crate::parser::CustomExpr;
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use crate::stdlib::{
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boxed::Box,
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convert::TryFrom,
iter::empty,
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string::{String, ToString},
vec,
vec::Vec,
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};
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/// Level of optimization performed.
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///
/// Not available under the `no_optimize` feature.
#[derive(Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Clone, Copy)]
pub enum OptimizationLevel {
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/// No optimization performed.
None,
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/// Only perform simple optimizations without evaluating functions.
Simple,
/// Full optimizations performed, including evaluating functions.
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/// Take care that this may cause side effects as it essentially assumes that all functions are pure.
Full,
}
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impl OptimizationLevel {
/// Is the `OptimizationLevel` None.
pub fn is_none(self) -> bool {
self == Self::None
}
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/// Is the `OptimizationLevel` Simple.
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#[cfg(not(feature = "no_optimize"))]
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pub fn is_simple(self) -> bool {
self == Self::Simple
}
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/// Is the `OptimizationLevel` Full.
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#[cfg(not(feature = "no_optimize"))]
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pub fn is_full(self) -> bool {
self == Self::Full
}
}
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/// Mutable state throughout an optimization pass.
struct State<'a> {
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/// Has the AST been changed during this pass?
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changed: bool,
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/// Collection of constants to use for eager function evaluations.
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constants: Vec<(String, Expr)>,
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/// An `Engine` instance for eager function evaluation.
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engine: &'a Engine,
/// Library of script-defined functions.
lib: &'a Module,
/// Optimization level.
optimization_level: OptimizationLevel,
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}
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impl<'a> State<'a> {
/// Create a new State.
pub fn new(engine: &'a Engine, lib: &'a Module, level: OptimizationLevel) -> Self {
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Self {
changed: false,
constants: vec![],
engine,
lib,
optimization_level: level,
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}
}
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/// Reset the state from dirty to clean.
pub fn reset(&mut self) {
self.changed = false;
}
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/// Set the AST state to be dirty (i.e. changed).
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pub fn set_dirty(&mut self) {
self.changed = true;
}
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/// Is the AST dirty (i.e. changed)?
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pub fn is_dirty(&self) -> bool {
self.changed
}
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/// Does a constant exist?
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pub fn contains_constant(&self, name: &str) -> bool {
self.constants.iter().any(|(n, _)| n == name)
}
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/// Prune the list of constants back to a specified size.
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pub fn restore_constants(&mut self, len: usize) {
self.constants.truncate(len)
}
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/// Add a new constant to the list.
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pub fn push_constant(&mut self, name: &str, value: Expr) {
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self.constants.push((name.into(), value))
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}
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/// Look up a constant from the list.
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pub fn find_constant(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&Expr> {
for (n, expr) in self.constants.iter().rev() {
if n == name {
return Some(expr);
}
}
None
}
}
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/// Call a registered function
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fn call_fn_with_constant_arguments(
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state: &State,
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fn_name: &str,
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arg_values: &mut [Dynamic],
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) -> Option<Dynamic> {
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// Search built-in's and external functions
let hash_fn = calc_fn_hash(
empty(),
fn_name,
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arg_values.len(),
arg_values.iter().map(|a| a.type_id()),
);
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state
.engine
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.call_native_fn(
&mut Default::default(),
state.lib,
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fn_name,
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hash_fn,
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arg_values.iter_mut().collect::<StaticVec<_>>().as_mut(),
false,
true,
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None,
)
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.ok()
.map(|(v, _)| v)
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}
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/// Optimize a statement.
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fn optimize_stmt(stmt: Stmt, state: &mut State, preserve_result: bool) -> Stmt {
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match stmt {
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// if expr { Noop }
Stmt::IfThenElse(x) if matches!(x.1, Stmt::Noop(_)) => {
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state.set_dirty();
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let pos = x.0.position();
let expr = optimize_expr(x.0, state);
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if preserve_result {
// -> { expr, Noop }
let mut statements = StaticVec::new();
statements.push(Stmt::Expr(Box::new(expr)));
statements.push(x.1);
Stmt::Block(Box::new((statements, pos)))
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} else {
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// -> expr
Stmt::Expr(Box::new(expr))
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}
}
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// if expr { if_block }
Stmt::IfThenElse(x) if x.2.is_none() => match x.0 {
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// if false { if_block } -> Noop
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Expr::False(pos) => {
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state.set_dirty();
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Stmt::Noop(pos)
}
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// if true { if_block } -> if_block
Expr::True(_) => optimize_stmt(x.1, state, true),
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// if expr { if_block }
expr => Stmt::IfThenElse(Box::new((
optimize_expr(expr, state),
optimize_stmt(x.1, state, true),
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None,
x.3,
))),
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},
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// if expr { if_block } else { else_block }
Stmt::IfThenElse(x) if x.2.is_some() => match x.0 {
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// if false { if_block } else { else_block } -> else_block
Expr::False(_) => optimize_stmt(x.2.unwrap(), state, true),
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// if true { if_block } else { else_block } -> if_block
Expr::True(_) => optimize_stmt(x.1, state, true),
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// if expr { if_block } else { else_block }
expr => Stmt::IfThenElse(Box::new((
optimize_expr(expr, state),
optimize_stmt(x.1, state, true),
match optimize_stmt(x.2.unwrap(), state, true) {
Stmt::Noop(_) => None, // Noop -> no else block
stmt => Some(stmt),
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},
x.3,
))),
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},
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// while expr { block }
Stmt::While(x) => match x.0 {
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// while false { block } -> Noop
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Expr::False(pos) => {
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state.set_dirty();
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Stmt::Noop(pos)
}
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// while true { block } -> loop { block }
Expr::True(_) => Stmt::Loop(Box::new((optimize_stmt(x.1, state, false), x.2))),
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// while expr { block }
expr => match optimize_stmt(x.1, state, false) {
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// while expr { break; } -> { expr; }
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Stmt::Break(pos) => {
// Only a single break statement - turn into running the guard expression once
state.set_dirty();
let mut statements = StaticVec::new();
statements.push(Stmt::Expr(Box::new(optimize_expr(expr, state))));
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if preserve_result {
statements.push(Stmt::Noop(pos))
}
Stmt::Block(Box::new((statements, pos)))
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}
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// while expr { block }
stmt => Stmt::While(Box::new((optimize_expr(expr, state), stmt, x.2))),
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},
},
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// loop { block }
Stmt::Loop(x) => match optimize_stmt(x.0, state, false) {
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// loop { break; } -> Noop
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Stmt::Break(pos) => {
// Only a single break statement
state.set_dirty();
Stmt::Noop(pos)
}
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// loop { block }
stmt => Stmt::Loop(Box::new((stmt, x.1))),
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},
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// for id in expr { block }
Stmt::For(x) => Stmt::For(Box::new((
x.0,
optimize_expr(x.1, state),
optimize_stmt(x.2, state, false),
x.3,
))),
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// let id = expr;
Stmt::Let(x) if x.1.is_some() => Stmt::Let(Box::new((
x.0,
Some(optimize_expr(x.1.unwrap(), state)),
x.2,
))),
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// let id;
stmt @ Stmt::Let(_) => stmt,
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// import expr as id;
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#[cfg(not(feature = "no_module"))]
Stmt::Import(x) => Stmt::Import(Box::new((optimize_expr(x.0, state), x.1, x.2))),
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// { block }
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Stmt::Block(x) => {
let orig_len = x.0.len(); // Original number of statements in the block, for change detection
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let orig_constants_len = state.constants.len(); // Original number of constants in the state, for restore later
let pos = x.1;
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// Optimize each statement in the block
let mut result: Vec<_> =
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x.0.into_iter()
.map(|stmt| match stmt {
// Add constant into the state
Stmt::Const(v) => {
let ((name, pos), expr, _) = *v;
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state.push_constant(&name, expr);
state.set_dirty();
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Stmt::Noop(pos) // No need to keep constants
}
// Optimize the statement
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_ => optimize_stmt(stmt, state, preserve_result),
})
.collect();
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// Remove all raw expression statements that are pure except for the very last statement
let last_stmt = if preserve_result { result.pop() } else { None };
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result.retain(|stmt| !stmt.is_pure());
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if let Some(stmt) = last_stmt {
result.push(stmt);
}
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// Remove all let/import statements at the end of a block - the new variables will go away anyway.
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// But be careful only remove ones that have no initial values or have values that are pure expressions,
// otherwise there may be side effects.
let mut removed = false;
while let Some(expr) = result.pop() {
match expr {
Stmt::Let(x) if x.1.is_none() => removed = true,
Stmt::Let(x) if x.1.is_some() => removed = x.1.unwrap().is_pure(),
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#[cfg(not(feature = "no_module"))]
Stmt::Import(x) => removed = x.0.is_pure(),
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_ => {
result.push(expr);
break;
}
}
}
if preserve_result {
if removed {
result.push(Stmt::Noop(pos))
}
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// Optimize all the statements again
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result = result
.into_iter()
.rev()
.enumerate()
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.map(|(i, s)| optimize_stmt(s, state, i == 0))
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.rev()
.collect();
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}
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// Remove everything following the the first return/throw
let mut dead_code = false;
result.retain(|stmt| {
if dead_code {
return false;
}
match stmt {
Stmt::ReturnWithVal(_) | Stmt::Break(_) => {
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dead_code = true;
}
_ => (),
}
true
});
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// Change detection
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if orig_len != result.len() {
state.set_dirty();
}
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// Pop the stack and remove all the local constants
state.restore_constants(orig_constants_len);
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match result[..] {
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// No statements in block - change to No-op
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[] => {
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state.set_dirty();
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Stmt::Noop(pos)
}
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// Only one let statement - leave it alone
[Stmt::Let(_)] => Stmt::Block(Box::new((result.into(), pos))),
// Only one import statement - leave it alone
#[cfg(not(feature = "no_module"))]
[Stmt::Import(_)] => Stmt::Block(Box::new((result.into(), pos))),
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// Only one statement - promote
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[_] => {
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state.set_dirty();
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result.remove(0)
}
_ => Stmt::Block(Box::new((result.into(), pos))),
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}
}
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// expr;
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Stmt::Expr(expr) => Stmt::Expr(Box::new(optimize_expr(*expr, state))),
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// return expr;
Stmt::ReturnWithVal(x) if x.1.is_some() => Stmt::ReturnWithVal(Box::new((
x.0,
Some(optimize_expr(x.1.unwrap(), state)),
x.2,
))),
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// All other statements - skip
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stmt => stmt,
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}
}
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/// Optimize an expression.
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fn optimize_expr(expr: Expr, state: &mut State) -> Expr {
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// These keywords are handled specially
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const DONT_EVAL_KEYWORDS: [&str; 3] = [KEYWORD_PRINT, KEYWORD_DEBUG, KEYWORD_EVAL];
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match expr {
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// expr - do not promote because there is a reason it is wrapped in an `Expr::Expr`
Expr::Expr(x) => Expr::Expr(Box::new(optimize_expr(*x, state))),
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// ( stmt )
Expr::Stmt(x) => match optimize_stmt(x.0, state, true) {
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// ( Noop ) -> ()
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Stmt::Noop(_) => {
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state.set_dirty();
Expr::Unit(x.1)
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}
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// ( expr ) -> expr
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Stmt::Expr(expr) => {
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state.set_dirty();
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*expr
}
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// ( stmt )
stmt => Expr::Stmt(Box::new((stmt, x.1))),
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},
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// id op= expr
Expr::Assignment(x) => Expr::Assignment(Box::new((x.0, x.1, optimize_expr(x.2, state), x.3))),
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// lhs.rhs
#[cfg(not(feature = "no_object"))]
Expr::Dot(x) => match (x.0, x.1) {
// map.string
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(Expr::Map(m), Expr::Property(p)) if m.0.iter().all(|(_, x)| x.is_pure()) => {
let ((prop, _, _), _) = p.as_ref();
// Map literal where everything is pure - promote the indexed item.
// All other items can be thrown away.
state.set_dirty();
let pos = m.1;
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m.0.into_iter().find(|((name, _), _)| name == prop)
.map(|(_, mut expr)| { expr.set_position(pos); expr })
.unwrap_or_else(|| Expr::Unit(pos))
}
// lhs.rhs
(lhs, rhs) => Expr::Dot(Box::new((optimize_expr(lhs, state), optimize_expr(rhs, state), x.2)))
}
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// lhs[rhs]
#[cfg(not(feature = "no_index"))]
Expr::Index(x) => match (x.0, x.1) {
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// array[int]
(Expr::Array(mut a), Expr::IntegerConstant(i))
if i.0 >= 0 && (i.0 as usize) < a.0.len() && a.0.iter().all(Expr::is_pure) =>
{
// Array literal where everything is pure - promote the indexed item.
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// All other items can be thrown away.
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state.set_dirty();
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let mut expr = a.0.remove(i.0 as usize);
expr.set_position(a.1);
expr
}
// map[string]
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(Expr::Map(m), Expr::StringConstant(s)) if m.0.iter().all(|(_, x)| x.is_pure()) => {
// Map literal where everything is pure - promote the indexed item.
// All other items can be thrown away.
state.set_dirty();
let pos = m.1;
m.0.into_iter().find(|((name, _), _)| *name == s.0)
.map(|(_, mut expr)| { expr.set_position(pos); expr })
.unwrap_or_else(|| Expr::Unit(pos))
}
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// string[int]
(Expr::StringConstant(s), Expr::IntegerConstant(i)) if i.0 >= 0 && (i.0 as usize) < s.0.chars().count() => {
// String literal indexing - get the character
state.set_dirty();
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Expr::CharConstant(Box::new((s.0.chars().nth(i.0 as usize).unwrap(), s.1)))
}
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// lhs[rhs]
(lhs, rhs) => Expr::Index(Box::new((optimize_expr(lhs, state), optimize_expr(rhs, state), x.2))),
},
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// [ items .. ]
#[cfg(not(feature = "no_index"))]
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Expr::Array(a) => Expr::Array(Box::new((a.0
.into_iter().map(|expr| optimize_expr(expr, state))
.collect(), a.1))),
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// [ items .. ]
#[cfg(not(feature = "no_object"))]
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Expr::Map(m) => Expr::Map(Box::new((m.0
.into_iter().map(|((key, pos), expr)| ((key, pos), optimize_expr(expr, state)))
.collect(), m.1))),
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// lhs in rhs
Expr::In(x) => match (x.0, x.1) {
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// "xxx" in "xxxxx"
(Expr::StringConstant(a), Expr::StringConstant(b)) => {
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state.set_dirty();
if b.0.contains(a.0.as_str()) { Expr::True(a.1) } else { Expr::False(a.1) }
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}
// 'x' in "xxxxx"
(Expr::CharConstant(a), Expr::StringConstant(b)) => {
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state.set_dirty();
if b.0.contains(a.0) { Expr::True(a.1) } else { Expr::False(a.1) }
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}
// "xxx" in #{...}
(Expr::StringConstant(a), Expr::Map(b)) => {
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state.set_dirty();
if b.0.iter().find(|((name, _), _)| *name == a.0).is_some() {
Expr::True(a.1)
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} else {
Expr::False(a.1)
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}
}
// 'x' in #{...}
(Expr::CharConstant(a), Expr::Map(b)) => {
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state.set_dirty();
let ch = a.0.to_string();
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if b.0.iter().find(|((name, _), _)| name == &ch).is_some() {
Expr::True(a.1)
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} else {
Expr::False(a.1)
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}
}
// lhs in rhs
(lhs, rhs) => Expr::In(Box::new((optimize_expr(lhs, state), optimize_expr(rhs, state), x.2))),
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},
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// lhs && rhs
Expr::And(x) => match (x.0, x.1) {
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// true && rhs -> rhs
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(Expr::True(_), rhs) => {
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state.set_dirty();
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rhs
}
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// false && rhs -> false
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(Expr::False(pos), _) => {
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state.set_dirty();
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Expr::False(pos)
}
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// lhs && true -> lhs
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(lhs, Expr::True(_)) => {
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state.set_dirty();
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optimize_expr(lhs, state)
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}
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// lhs && rhs
(lhs, rhs) => Expr::And(Box::new((optimize_expr(lhs, state), optimize_expr(rhs, state), x.2))),
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},
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// lhs || rhs
Expr::Or(x) => match (x.0, x.1) {
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// false || rhs -> rhs
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(Expr::False(_), rhs) => {
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state.set_dirty();
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rhs
}
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// true || rhs -> true
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(Expr::True(pos), _) => {
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state.set_dirty();
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Expr::True(pos)
}
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// lhs || false
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(lhs, Expr::False(_)) => {
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state.set_dirty();
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optimize_expr(lhs, state)
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}
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// lhs || rhs
(lhs, rhs) => Expr::Or(Box::new((optimize_expr(lhs, state), optimize_expr(rhs, state), x.2))),
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},
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// Do not call some special keywords
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Expr::FnCall(mut x) if DONT_EVAL_KEYWORDS.contains(&(x.0).0.as_ref())=> {
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x.3 = x.3.into_iter().map(|a| optimize_expr(a, state)).collect();
Expr::FnCall(x)
}
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// Fn("...")
Expr::FnCall(x)
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if x.1.is_none()
&& (x.0).0 == KEYWORD_FN_PTR
&& x.3.len() == 1
&& matches!(x.3[0], Expr::StringConstant(_))
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=> {
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if let Expr::StringConstant(s) = &x.3[0] {
if let Ok(fn_ptr) = FnPtr::try_from(s.0.as_str()) {
Expr::FnPointer(Box::new((fn_ptr.take_data().0, s.1)))
} else {
Expr::FnCall(x)
}
} else {
unreachable!()
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}
}
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// Eagerly call functions
Expr::FnCall(mut x)
if x.1.is_none() // Non-qualified
&& state.optimization_level == OptimizationLevel::Full // full optimizations
&& x.3.iter().all(|expr| expr.is_constant()) // all arguments are constants
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=> {
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let ((name, _, _, pos), _, _, args, def_value) = x.as_mut();
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// First search in functions lib (can override built-in)
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// Cater for both normal function call style and method call style (one additional arguments)
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let has_script_fn = cfg!(not(feature = "no_function")) && state.lib.iter_fn().find(|(_, _, _, f)| {
if !f.is_script() { return false; }
let fn_def = f.get_fn_def();
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fn_def.name == name && (args.len()..=args.len() + 1).contains(&fn_def.params.len())
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}).is_some();
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if has_script_fn {
// A script-defined function overrides the built-in function - do not make the call
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x.3 = x.3.into_iter().map(|a| optimize_expr(a, state)).collect();
return Expr::FnCall(x);
}
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let mut arg_values: StaticVec<_> = args.iter().map(Expr::get_constant_value).collect();
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// Save the typename of the first argument if it is `type_of()`
// This is to avoid `call_args` being passed into the closure
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let arg_for_type_of = if name == KEYWORD_TYPE_OF && arg_values.len() == 1 {
state.engine.map_type_name(arg_values[0].type_name())
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} else {
""
};
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call_fn_with_constant_arguments(&state, name, arg_values.as_mut())
.or_else(|| {
if !arg_for_type_of.is_empty() {
// Handle `type_of()`
Some(arg_for_type_of.to_string().into())
} else {
// Otherwise use the default value, if any
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def_value.map(|v| v.into())
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}
})
.and_then(|result| map_dynamic_to_expr(result, *pos))
.map(|expr| {
state.set_dirty();
expr
})
.unwrap_or_else(|| {
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// Optimize function call arguments
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x.3 = x.3.into_iter().map(|a| optimize_expr(a, state)).collect();
Expr::FnCall(x)
})
}
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// id(args ..) -> optimize function call arguments
Expr::FnCall(mut x) => {
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x.3 = x.3.into_iter().map(|a| optimize_expr(a, state)).collect();
Expr::FnCall(x)
}
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// constant-name
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Expr::Variable(x) if x.1.is_none() && state.contains_constant(&(x.0).0) => {
let (name, pos) = x.0;
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state.set_dirty();
// Replace constant with value
let mut expr = state.find_constant(&name).unwrap().clone();
expr.set_position(pos);
expr
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}
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// Custom syntax
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#[cfg(feature = "internals")]
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Expr::Custom(x) => Expr::Custom(Box::new((
CustomExpr(
(x.0).0.into_iter().map(|expr| optimize_expr(expr, state)).collect(),
(x.0).1),
x.1
))),
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// All other expressions - skip
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expr => expr,
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}
}
fn optimize(
statements: Vec<Stmt>,
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engine: &Engine,
scope: &Scope,
lib: &Module,
level: OptimizationLevel,
) -> Vec<Stmt> {
// If optimization level is None then skip optimizing
if level == OptimizationLevel::None {
return statements;
}
// Set up the state
let mut state = State::new(engine, lib, level);
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// Add constants from the scope into the state
scope
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.to_iter()
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.filter(|ScopeEntry { typ, expr, .. }| {
// Get all the constants with definite constant expressions
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*typ == ScopeEntryType::Constant
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&& expr.as_ref().map(|v| v.is_constant()).unwrap_or(false)
})
.for_each(|ScopeEntry { name, expr, .. }| {
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state.push_constant(name.as_ref(), expr.as_ref().unwrap().as_ref().clone())
});
let orig_constants_len = state.constants.len();
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let mut result = statements;
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// Optimization loop
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loop {
state.reset();
state.restore_constants(orig_constants_len);
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let num_statements = result.len();
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result = result
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.into_iter()
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.enumerate()
.map(|(i, stmt)| {
match &stmt {
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Stmt::Const(v) => {
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// Load constants
let ((name, _), expr, _) = v.as_ref();
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state.push_constant(&name, expr.clone());
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stmt // Keep it in the global scope
}
_ => {
// Keep all variable declarations at this level
// and always keep the last return value
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let keep = match stmt {
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Stmt::Let(_) => true,
#[cfg(not(feature = "no_module"))]
Stmt::Import(_) => true,
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_ => i == num_statements - 1,
};
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optimize_stmt(stmt, &mut state, keep)
}
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}
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})
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.collect();
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if !state.is_dirty() {
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break;
}
}
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// Eliminate code that is pure but always keep the last statement
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let last_stmt = result.pop();
// Remove all pure statements at global level
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result.retain(|stmt| !stmt.is_pure());
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// Add back the last statement unless it is a lone No-op
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if let Some(stmt) = last_stmt {
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if !result.is_empty() || !matches!(stmt, Stmt::Noop(_)) {
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result.push(stmt);
}
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}
result
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}
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/// Optimize an AST.
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pub fn optimize_into_ast(
engine: &Engine,
scope: &Scope,
statements: Vec<Stmt>,
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_functions: Vec<ScriptFnDef>,
level: OptimizationLevel,
) -> AST {
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let level = if cfg!(feature = "no_optimize") {
OptimizationLevel::None
} else {
level
};
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let lib = if cfg!(not(feature = "no_function")) {
let mut module = Module::new();
if !level.is_none() {
// We only need the script library's signatures for optimization purposes
let mut lib2 = Module::new();
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_functions
.iter()
.map(|fn_def| {
ScriptFnDef {
name: fn_def.name.clone(),
access: fn_def.access,
body: Default::default(),
params: fn_def.params.clone(),
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#[cfg(not(feature = "no_closure"))]
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externals: fn_def.externals.clone(),
pos: fn_def.pos,
}
.into()
})
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.for_each(|fn_def| {
lib2.set_script_fn(fn_def);
});
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_functions
.into_iter()
.map(|mut fn_def| {
let pos = fn_def.body.position();
// Optimize the function body
let mut body = optimize(vec![fn_def.body], engine, &Scope::new(), &lib2, level);
// {} -> Noop
fn_def.body = match body.pop().unwrap_or_else(|| Stmt::Noop(pos)) {
// { return val; } -> val
Stmt::ReturnWithVal(x)
if x.1.is_some() && (x.0).0 == ReturnType::Return =>
{
Stmt::Expr(Box::new(x.1.unwrap()))
}
// { return; } -> ()
Stmt::ReturnWithVal(x)
if x.1.is_none() && (x.0).0 == ReturnType::Return =>
{
Stmt::Expr(Box::new(Expr::Unit((x.0).1)))
}
// All others
stmt => stmt,
};
fn_def.into()
})
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.for_each(|fn_def| {
module.set_script_fn(fn_def);
});
} else {
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_functions.into_iter().for_each(|fn_def| {
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module.set_script_fn(fn_def);
});
}
module
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} else {
Default::default()
};
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AST::new(
match level {
OptimizationLevel::None => statements,
OptimizationLevel::Simple | OptimizationLevel::Full => {
optimize(statements, engine, &scope, &lib, level)
}
},
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lib,
)
}