d0e7d9b564
https://github.com/cue-lang/cue/issues/1078 Signed-off-by: Jonathan Hult <Jonathan@JonathanHult.com>
657 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
657 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
---
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slug: /1007/kubernetes/
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---
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# Deploy to Kubernetes with Dagger
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This tutorial illustrates how to use Dagger to build, push and deploy Docker images to Kubernetes.
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import Tabs from '@theme/Tabs'; import TabItem from '@theme/TabItem';
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## Prerequisites
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For this tutorial, you will need a Kubernetes cluster.
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<Tabs defaultValue="kind"
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groupId="provider"
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values={[
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{label: 'kind', value: 'kind'}, {label: 'GKE', value: 'gke'}, {label: 'EKS', value: 'eks'},
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]}>
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<TabItem value="kind">
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[Kind](https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/docs/user/quick-start) is a tool for running local Kubernetes clusters using Docker.
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1\. Install kind
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Follow [these instructions](https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/docs/user/quick-start) to install Kind.
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Alternatively, on macOS using [homebrew](https://brew.sh/):
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```shell
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brew install kind
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```
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2\. Start a local registry
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```shell
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docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --name registry registry:2
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```
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3\. Create a cluster with the local registry enabled in containerd
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```shell
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cat <<EOF | kind create cluster --config=-
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kind: Cluster
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apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4
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containerdConfigPatches:
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- |-
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[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."localhost:5000"]
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endpoint = ["http://registry:5000"]
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EOF
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```
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4\. Connect the registry to the cluster network
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```shell
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docker network connect kind registry
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="gke">
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This tutorial can be run against a [GCP GKE](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine) cluster
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and [GCR](https://cloud.google.com/container-registry). You can follow
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this [GCP documentation](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/quickstart) to create a GKE cluster. You will
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also need to create
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a [kubeconfig](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/quickstart#get_authentication_credentials_for_the_cluster)
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.
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="eks">
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This tutorial can be run against a [AWS EKS](https://aws.amazon.com/eks/) cluster and [ECR](https://aws.amazon.com/ecr/)
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. You can follow this [AWS documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eks/latest/userguide/getting-started-console.html)
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to create an EKS cluster. You will also need to create
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a [kubeconfig](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eks/latest/userguide/create-kubeconfig.html).
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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## Initialize a Dagger Project and Environment
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### (optional) Setup example app
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You will need the local copy of the [Dagger examples repository](https://github.com/dagger/examples) used in previous
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guides
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```shell
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git clone https://github.com/dagger/examples
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```
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Make sure that all commands are run from the todoapp directory:
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```shell
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cd examples/todoapp
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```
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### Organize your package
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Let's create a new directory for our Cue package:
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```shell
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mkdir kube
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```
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### Deploy using Kubectl
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Kubernetes objects are located inside the `k8s` folder:
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```shell
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ls -l k8s
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# k8s
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# ├── deployment.yaml
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# └── service.yaml
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# 0 directories, 2 files
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```
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As a starting point, let's deploy them manually with `kubectl`:
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```shell
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kubectl apply -f k8s/
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# deployment.apps/todoapp created
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# service/todoapp-service created
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```
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Verify that the deployment worked:
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```shell
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kubectl get deployments
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# NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
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# todoapp 1/1 1 1 10m
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kubectl get service
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# NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
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# todoapp-service NodePort 10.96.225.114 <none> 80:32658/TCP 11m
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```
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The next step is to transpose it in Cue. Before continuing, clean everything:
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```shell
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kubectl delete -f k8s/
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# deployment.apps "todoapp" deleted
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# service "todoapp-service" deleted
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```
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## Create a basic plan
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Create a file named `todoapp.cue` and add the following configuration to it.
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```cue file=tests/kube-kind/basic/todoapp.cue title="todoapp/kube/todoapp.cue"
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```
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This defines a `todoApp` variable containing the Kubernetes objects used to create a todoapp deployment. It also
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references a `kubeconfig` value defined below:
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<Tabs defaultValue="kind"
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groupId="provider"
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values={[
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{label: 'kind', value: 'kind'}, {label: 'GKE', value: 'gke'}, {label: 'EKS', value: 'eks'},
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]}>
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<TabItem value="kind">
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The following `config.cue` defines:
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- `kubeconfig` a generic value created to embed this string `kubeconfig` value
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```cue file=tests/kube-kind/config.cue title="todoapp/kube/config.cue"
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="gke">
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The below `config.cue` defines:
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- `kubeconfig` a generic value created to embbed this `gke.#KubeConfig` value
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- `gcpConfig`: connection to Google using `alpha.dagger.io/gcp`
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- `gkeConfig`: transform a `gcpConfig` to a readable format for `kubernetes.#Resources.kubeconfig`
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using `alpha.dagger.io/gcp/gke`
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```cue file=tests/kube-gcp/basic/config.cue title="todoapp/kube/config.cue"
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="eks">
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The below `config.cue` defines:
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- `kubeconfig`, a generic value created to embbed this `eksConfig.kubeconfig` value
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- `awsConfig`, connection to Amazon using `alpha.dagger.io/aws`
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- `eksConfig`, transform a `awsConfig` to a readable format for `kubernetes.#Resources.kubeconfig`
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using `alpha.dagger.io/aws/eks`
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```cue file=tests/kube-aws/basic/config.cue title="todoapp/kube/config.cue"
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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### Setup the environment
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#### Create a new environment
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Let's create a project:
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```shell
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dagger init
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```
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Let's create an environment to run it:
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```shell
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dagger new 'kube' -p kube
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```
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### Configure the environment
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Before we can bring up the deployment, we need to provide the `kubeconfig` input declared in the configuration.
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Otherwise, Dagger will complain about a missing input:
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```shell
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dagger up -e kube
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# 5:05PM ERR system | required input is missing input=kubeconfig
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# 5:05PM ERR system | required input is missing input=manifest
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# 5:05PM FTL system | some required inputs are not set, please re-run with `--force` if you think it's a mistake missing=0s
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```
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You can inspect the list of inputs (both required and optional) using `dagger input list`:
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<Tabs defaultValue="kind"
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groupId="provider"
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values={[
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{label: 'kind', value: 'kind'}, {label: 'GKE', value: 'gke'}, {label: 'EKS', value: 'eks'},
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]}>
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<TabItem value="kind">
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```shell
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dagger input list -e kube
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# Input Value Set by user Description
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# kubeconfig string false set with `dagger input text kubeconfig -f "$HOME"/.kube/config -e kube`
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# manifest dagger.#Artifact false input: source code repository, must contain a Dockerfile set with `dagger input dir manifest ./k8s -e kube`
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# todoApp.namespace *"default" | string false Kubernetes Namespace to deploy to
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# todoApp.version *"v1.19.9" | string false Version of kubectl client
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="gke">
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```shell
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dagger input list -e kube
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# Input Value Set by user Description
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# gcpConfig.region string false GCP region
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# gcpConfig.project string false GCP project
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# gcpConfig.serviceKey dagger.#Secret false GCP service key
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# manifest dagger.#Artifact false input: source code repository, must contain a Dockerfile set with `dagger input dir manifest ./k8s -e kube`
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# gkeConfig.clusterName string false GKE cluster name
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# gkeConfig.version *"v1.19.9" | string false Kubectl version
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# todoApp.namespace *"default" | string false Kubernetes Namespace to deploy to
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# todoApp.version *"v1.19.9" | string false Version of kubectl client
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="eks">
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```shell
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dagger input list -e kube
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# Input Value Set by user Description
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# awsConfig.region string false AWS region
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# awsConfig.accessKey dagger.#Secret false AWS access key
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# awsConfig.secretKey dagger.#Secret false AWS secret key
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# manifest dagger.#Artifact false input: source code repository, must contain a Dockerfile set with `dagger input dir manifest ./k8s -e kube`
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# eksConfig.clusterName string false EKS cluster name
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# eksConfig.version *"v1.19.9" | string false Kubectl version
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# todoApp.namespace *"default" | string false Kubernetes Namespace to deploy to
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# todoApp.version *"v1.19.9" | string false Version of kubectl client
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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Let's provide the missing inputs:
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<Tabs defaultValue="kind"
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groupId="provider"
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values={[
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{label: 'kind', value: 'kind'}, {label: 'GKE', value: 'gke'}, {label: 'EKS', value: 'eks'},
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]}>
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<TabItem value="kind">
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```shell
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# we'll use the "$HOME"/.kube/config created by `kind`
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dagger input text kubeconfig -f "$HOME"/.kube/config -e kube
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# Add as an artifact the k8s folder
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dagger input dir manifest ./k8s -e kube
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="gke">
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```shell
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# Add as an artifact the k8s folder
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dagger input dir manifest ./k8s -e kube
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# Add Google credentials
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dagger input text gcpConfig.project <PROJECT> -e kube
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dagger input text gcpConfig.region <REGION> -e kube
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dagger input secret gcpConfig.serviceKey -f <PATH TO THE SERVICEKEY.json> -e kube
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# Add GKE clusterName
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dagger input text gkeConfig.clusterName <GKE CLUSTER NAME> -e kube
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="eks">
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```shell
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# Add as an artifact the k8s folder
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dagger input dir manifest ./k8s -e kube
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# Add Amazon credentials
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dagger input text awsConfig.region <REGION> -e kube
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dagger input secret awsConfig.accessKey <ACCESS KEY> -e kube
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dagger input secret awsConfig.secretKey <SECRET KEY> -e kube
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# Add EKS clustername
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dagger input text eksConfig.clusterName <EKS CLUSTER NAME> -e kube
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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### Deploying
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Now is time to deploy to Kubernetes.
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```shell
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dagger up -e kube
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# deploy | computing
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# deploy | #26 0.700 deployment.apps/todoapp created
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# deploy | #27 0.705 service/todoapp-service created
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# deploy | completed duration=1.405s
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```
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Let's verify if the deployment worked:
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```shell
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kubectl get deployments
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# NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
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# todoapp 1/1 1 1 1m
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```
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Before continuing, cleanup deployment:
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```shell
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kubectl delete -f k8s/
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# deployment.apps "todoapp" deleted
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# service "todoapp-service" deleted
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```
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## Building, pushing, and deploying Docker images
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Rather than deploying an existing (`todoapp`) image, we're going to build a Docker image from the source, push it to a
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registry, and update the Kubernetes configuration.
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### Update the plan
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<Tabs defaultValue="kind"
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groupId="provider"
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values={[
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{label: 'kind', value: 'kind'}, {label: 'GKE', value: 'gke'}, {label: 'EKS', value: 'eks'},
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]}>
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<TabItem value="kind">
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Let's see how to deploy an image locally and push it to the local cluster
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`kube/todoapp.cue` faces these changes:
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- `repository`, source code of the app to build. It needs to have a Dockerfile
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- `registry`, URI of the registry to push to
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- `image`, build of the image
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- `remoteImage`, push an image to the registry
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- `kustomization`, apply kustomization to image
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```cue file=tests/kube-kind/deployment/todoapp.cue title="todoapp/kube/todoapp.cue"
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="gke">
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Let's see how to leverage [GCR](https://github.com/dagger/dagger/tree/main/stdlib/gcp/gcr)
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and [GKE](https://github.com/dagger/dagger/tree/main/stdlib/gcp/gke) packages.
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The two files have to be edited to do so.
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`kube/config.cue` configuration has following change:
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- definition of a new `gcrCreds` value that contains ecr credentials for remote image push to GCR
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```cue file=tests/kube-gcp/deployment/config.cue title="todoapp/kube/config.cue"
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```
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`kube/todoapp.cue`, on the other hand, faces these changes:
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- `repository`, source code of the app to build. It needs to have a Dockerfile
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- `registry`, URI of the registry to push to
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- `image`, build of the image
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- `remoteImage`, push an image to the registry
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- `kustomization`, apply kustomization to image
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```cue file=tests/kube-gcp/deployment/todoapp.cue title="todoapp/kube/todoapp.cue"
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="eks">
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Let's see how to leverage [ECR](https://github.com/dagger/dagger/tree/main/stdlib/aws/ecr)
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and [EKS](https://github.com/dagger/dagger/tree/main/stdlib/aws/eks) packages.
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The two files have to be edited to do so.
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`kube/config.cue` configuration has following change:
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- definition of a new `ecrCreds` value that contains ecr credentials for remote image push to ECR
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```cue file=tests/kube-aws/deployment/config.cue title="todoapp/kube/config.cue"
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```
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`kube/todoapp.cue`, on the other hand, faces these changes:
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- `repository`, source code of the app to build. It needs to have a Dockerfile
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- `registry`, URI of the registry to push to
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- `image`, build of the image
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- `remoteImage`, push an image to the registry
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- `kustomization`, apply kustomization to image
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```cue file=tests/kube-aws/deployment/todoapp.cue title="todoapp/kube/todoapp.cue"
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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### Connect the Inputs
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<Tabs defaultValue="kind"
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groupId="provider"
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values={[
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{label: 'kind', value: 'kind'}, {label: 'GKE', value: 'gke'}, {label: 'EKS', value: 'eks'},
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]}>
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<TabItem value="kind">
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Next, we'll provide the two new inputs, `repository` and `registry`.
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```shell
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# A name after `localhost:5000/` is required to avoid error on push to the local registry
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dagger input text registry "localhost:5000/kind" -e kube
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# Add todoapp (current folder) to repository value
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dagger input dir repository . -e kube
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="gke">
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Next, we'll provide the two new inputs, `repository` and `registry`.
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```shell
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# Add registry to export built image to
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dagger input text registry <URI> -e kube
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# Add todoapp (current folder) to repository value
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dagger input dir repository . -e kube
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="eks">
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Next, we'll provide the two new inputs, `repository` and `registry`.
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```shell
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# Add registry to export built image to
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dagger input text registry <URI> -e kube
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# Add todoapp (current folder) to repository value
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dagger input dir repository . -e kube
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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### Bring up the changes
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```shell
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dagger up -e kube
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# 4:09AM INF manifest | computing
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# 4:09AM INF repository | computing
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# ...
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# 4:09AM INF todoApp.kubeSrc | #37 0.858 service/todoapp-service created
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# 4:09AM INF todoApp.kubeSrc | #37 0.879 deployment.apps/todoapp created
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# Output Value Description
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# todoApp.remoteImage.ref "localhost:5000/kind:test-kind@sha256:cb8d92518b876a3fe15a23f7c071290dfbad50283ad976f3f5b93e9f20cefee6" Image ref
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# todoApp.remoteImage.digest "sha256:cb8d92518b876a3fe15a23f7c071290dfbad50283ad976f3f5b93e9f20cefee6" Image digest
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```
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Let's verify if the deployment worked:
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```shell
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kubectl get deployments
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# NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
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# todoapp 1/1 1 1 50s
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```
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Before continuing, cleanup deployment:
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```shell
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kubectl delete -f k8s/
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# deployment.apps "todoapp" deleted
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# service "todoapp-service" deleted
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```
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## CUE Kubernetes manifest
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This section will convert Kubernetes YAML manifest from `k8s` directory to [CUE](https://cuelang.org/) to take advantage
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of the language features.
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> For a more advanced example, see the [official CUE Kubernetes tutorial](https://github.com/cue-lang/cue/blob/v0.4.0/doc/tutorial/kubernetes/README.md)
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### Convert Kubernetes objects to CUE
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First, let's create re-usable definitions for the `deployment` and the `service` to remove a lot of boilerplate and
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repetition.
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Let's define a re-usable `#Deployment` definition in `kube/deployment.cue`.
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```cue file=tests/kube-kind/cue-manifest/deployment.cue title="todoapp/kube/deployment.cue"
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```
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Indeed, let's also define a re-usable `#Service` definition in `kube/service.cue`.
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```cue file=tests/kube-kind/cue-manifest/service.cue title="todoapp/kube/service.cue"
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```
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### Generate Kubernetes manifest
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Now that you have generic definitions for your Kubernetes objects. You can use them to get back your YAML definition
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without having boilerplate nor repetition.
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Create a new definition named `#AppManifest` that will generate the YAML in `kube/manifest.cue`.
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```cue file=tests/kube-kind/cue-manifest/manifest.cue title="todoapp/kube/manifest.cue"
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```
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### Update manifest
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You can now remove the `manifest` input in `kube/todoapp.cue` and instead use the manifest created by `#AppManifest`.
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`kube/todoapp.cue` configuration has following changes:
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- removal of unused imported `encoding/yaml` and `kustomize` packages.
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- removal of `manifest` input that is doesn't need anymore.
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- removal of `kustomization` to replace it with `#AppManifest` definition.
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- Update `kubeSrc` to use `manifest` field instead of `source` because we don't send Kubernetes manifest
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of `dagger.#Artifact` type anymore.
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<Tabs defaultValue="kind"
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groupId="provider"
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values={[
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{label: 'kind', value: 'kind'}, {label: 'GKE', value: 'gke'}, {label: 'EKS', value: 'eks'},
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]}>
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<TabItem value="kind">
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```cue file=tests/kube-kind/cue-manifest/todoapp.cue title="todoapp/kube/todoapp.cue"
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="gke">
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```cue file=tests/kube-gcp/cue-manifest/todoapp.cue title="todoapp/kube/todoapp.cue"
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="eks">
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```cue file=tests/kube-aws/cue-manifest/todoapp.cue title="todoapp/kube/todoapp.cue"
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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### Remove unused input
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Now that we manage our Kubernetes manifest in CUE, we don't need `manifest` anymore.
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```shell
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# Remove `manifest` input
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dagger input unset manifest -e kube
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```
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### Deployment
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```shell
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dagger up -e kube
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# 4:09AM INF manifest | computing
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# 4:09AM INF repository | computing
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# ...
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# 4:09AM INF todoApp.kubeSrc | #37 0.858 service/todoapp-service created
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# 4:09AM INF todoApp.kubeSrc | #37 0.879 deployment.apps/todoapp created
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# Output Value Description
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# todoApp.remoteImage.ref "localhost:5000/kind:test-kind@sha256:cb8d91518b076a3fe15a33f7c171290dfbad50283ad976f3f5b93e9f33cefag7" Image ref
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# todoApp.remoteImage.digest "sha256:cb8d91518b076a3fe15a33f7c171290dfbad50283ad976f3f5b93e9f33cefag7" Image digest
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```
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Let's verify that the deployment worked:
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```shell
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kubectl get deployments
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# NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
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# todoapp 1/1 1 1 37s
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```
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## Next Steps
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Integrate Helm with Dagger:
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- [Helm](https://github.com/dagger/dagger/tree/main/stdlib/kubernetes/helm)
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