1206 lines
31 KiB
Markdown
1206 lines
31 KiB
Markdown
---
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slug: /learn/107-kubernetes
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---
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# Dagger 107: deploy to Kubernetes
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This tutorial illustrates how to use Dagger to build, push and deploy Docker images to Kubernetes.
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import Tabs from '@theme/Tabs'; import TabItem from '@theme/TabItem';
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## Prerequisites
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For this tutorial, you will need a Kubernetes cluster.
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<Tabs defaultValue="kind"
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groupId="provider"
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values={[
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{label: 'kind', value: 'kind'}, {label: 'GKE', value: 'gke'}, {label: 'EKS', value: 'eks'},
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]}>
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<TabItem value="kind">
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[Kind](https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/docs/user/quick-start) is a tool for running local Kubernetes clusters using Docker.
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1\. Install kind
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Follow [these instructions](https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/docs/user/quick-start) to install Kind.
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Alternatively, on macOS using [homebrew](https://brew.sh/):
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```shell
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brew install kind
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```
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2\. Start a local registry
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```shell
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docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --name registry registry:2
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```
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3\. Create a cluster with the local registry enabled in containerd
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```shell
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cat <<EOF | kind create cluster --config=-
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kind: Cluster
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apiVersion: kind.x-k8s.io/v1alpha4
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containerdConfigPatches:
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- |-
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[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".registry.mirrors."localhost:5000"]
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endpoint = ["http://registry:5000"]
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EOF
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```
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4\. Connect the registry to the cluster network
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```shell
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docker network connect kind registry
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="gke">
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This tutorial can be run against a [GCP GKE](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine) cluster
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and [GCR](https://cloud.google.com/container-registry). You can follow
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this [GCP documentation](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/quickstart) to create a GKE cluster. You will
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also need to create
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a [kubeconfig](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/quickstart#get_authentication_credentials_for_the_cluster)
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.
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="eks">
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This tutorial can be run against a [AWS EKS](https://aws.amazon.com/eks/) cluster and [ECR](https://aws.amazon.com/ecr/)
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. You can follow this [AWS documentation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eks/latest/userguide/getting-started-console.html)
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to create an EKS cluster. You will also need to create
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a [kubeconfig](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eks/latest/userguide/create-kubeconfig.html).
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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## Initialize a Dagger Workspace and Environment
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### (optional) Setup example app
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You will need the local copy of the [Dagger examples repository](https://github.com/dagger/examples) used in previous
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guides
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```shell
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git clone https://github.com/dagger/examples
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```
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Make sure that all commands are run from the todoapp directory:
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```shell
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cd examples/todoapp
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```
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### (optional) Initialize a Cue module
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This guide will use the same directory as the root of the Dagger workspace and the root of the Cue module, but you can
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create your Cue module anywhere inside the Dagger workspace.
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```shell
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cue mod init
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```
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### Organize your package
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Let's create a new directory for our Cue package:
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```shell
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mkdir cue.mod/kube
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```
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### Deploy using Kubectl
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Kubernetes objects are located inside the `k8s` folder:
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```shell
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tree k8s
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# k8s
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# ├── deployment.yaml
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# └── service.yaml
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# 0 directories, 2 files
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```
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As a starting point, let's deploy them manually with `kubectl`:
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```shell
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kubectl apply -f k8s/
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# deployment.apps/todoapp created
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# service/todoapp-service created
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```
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Verify that the deployment worked:
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```shell
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kubectl get deployments
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# NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
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# todoapp 1/1 1 1 10m
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kubectl get service
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# NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
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# todoapp-service NodePort 10.96.225.114 <none> 80:32658/TCP 11m
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```
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The next step is to transpose it in Cue. Before continuing, clean everything:
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```shell
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kubectl delete -f k8s/
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# deployment.apps "todoapp" deleted
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# service "todoapp-service" deleted
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```
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## Create a basic plan
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Create a file named `todoapp.cue` and add the following configuration to it.
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```cue title="todoapp/cue.mod/kube/todoapp.cue"
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package main
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import (
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"alpha.dagger.io/dagger"
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"alpha.dagger.io/kubernetes"
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)
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// input: kubernetes objects directory to deploy to
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// set with `dagger input dir manifest ./k8s -e kube`
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manifest: dagger.#Artifact & dagger.#Input
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// Deploy the manifest to a kubernetes cluster
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todoApp: kubernetes.#Resources & {
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"kubeconfig": kubeconfig
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source: manifest
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}
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```
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This defines a `todoApp` variable containing the Kubernetes objects used to create a todoapp deployment. It also
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references a `kubeconfig` value defined above:
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<Tabs defaultValue="kind"
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groupId="provider"
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values={[
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{label: 'kind', value: 'kind'}, {label: 'GKE', value: 'gke'}, {label: 'EKS', value: 'eks'},
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]}>
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<TabItem value="kind">
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The above `config.cue` defines:
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- `kubeconfig` a generic value created to embed this string `kubeconfig` value
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```cue title="todoapp/cue.mod/kube/config.cue"
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package main
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import (
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"alpha.dagger.io/dagger"
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)
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// set with `dagger input text kubeconfig -f "$HOME"/.kube/config -e kube`
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kubeconfig: string & dagger.#Input
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="gke">
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The below `config.cue` defines:
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- `kubeconfig` a generic value created to embbed this `gke.#KubeConfig` value
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- `gcpConfig`: connection to Google using `alpha.dagger.io/gcp`
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- `gkeConfig`: transform a `gcpConfig` to a readable format for `kubernetes.#Resources.kubeconfig`
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using `alpha.dagger.io/gcp/gke`
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```cue title="todoapp/cue.mod/kube/config.cue"
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package main
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import (
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"alpha.dagger.io/gcp"
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"alpha.dagger.io/gcp/gke"
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)
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// Value created for generic reference of `kubeconfig` in `todoapp.cue`
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kubeconfig: gkeConfig.kubeconfig
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// gcpConfig used for Google connection
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gcpConfig: gcp.#Config
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// gkeConfig used for deployment
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gkeConfig: gke.#KubeConfig & {
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// config field references `gkeConfig` value to set in once
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config: gcpConfig
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}
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="eks">
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The below `config.cue` defines:
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- `kubeconfig`, a generic value created to embbed this `eksConfig.kubeconfig` value
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- `awsConfig`, connection to Amazon using `alpha.dagger.io/aws`
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- `eksConfig`, transform a `awsConfig` to a readable format for `kubernetes.#Resources.kubeconfig`
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using `alpha.dagger.io/aws/eks`
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```cue title="todoapp/cue.mod/kube/config.cue"
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package main
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import (
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"alpha.dagger.io/aws"
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"alpha.dagger.io/aws/eks"
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)
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// Value created for generic reference of `kubeconfig` in `todoapp.cue`
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kubeconfig: eksConfig.kubeconfig
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// awsConfig for Amazon connection
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awsConfig: aws.#Config
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// eksConfig used for deployment
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eksConfig: eks.#KubeConfig & {
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// config field references `gkeConfig` value to set in once
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config: awsConfig
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}
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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### Setup the environment
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#### Create a new environment
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Now that your Cue package is ready, let's create an environment to run it:
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```shell
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dagger new 'kube' -m cue.mod/kube
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```
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### Configure the environment
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Before we can bring up the deployment, we need to provide the `kubeconfig` input declared in the configuration.
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Otherwise, Dagger will complain about a missing input:
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```shell
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dagger up -e kube
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# 5:05PM ERR system | required input is missing input=kubeconfig
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# 5:05PM ERR system | required input is missing input=manifest
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# 5:05PM FTL system | some required inputs are not set, please re-run with `--force` if you think it's a mistake missing=0s
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```
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You can inspect the list of inputs (both required and optional) using `dagger input list`:
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<Tabs defaultValue="kind"
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groupId="provider"
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values={[
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{label: 'kind', value: 'kind'}, {label: 'GKE', value: 'gke'}, {label: 'EKS', value: 'eks'},
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]}>
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<TabItem value="kind">
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```shell
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dagger input list -e kube
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# Input Value Set by user Description
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# kubeconfig string false set with `dagger input text kubeconfig -f "$HOME"/.kube/config -e kube`
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# manifest dagger.#Artifact false input: source code repository, must contain a Dockerfile set with `dagger input dir manifest ./k8s -e kube`
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# todoApp.namespace *"default" | string false Kubernetes Namespace to deploy to
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# todoApp.version *"v1.19.9" | string false Version of kubectl client
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="gke">
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```shell
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dagger input list -e kube
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# Input Value Set by user Description
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# gcpConfig.region string false GCP region
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# gcpConfig.project string false GCP project
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# gcpConfig.serviceKey dagger.#Secret false GCP service key
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# manifest dagger.#Artifact false input: source code repository, must contain a Dockerfile set with `dagger input dir manifest ./k8s -e kube`
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# gkeConfig.clusterName string false GKE cluster name
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# gkeConfig.version *"v1.19.9" | string false Kubectl version
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# todoApp.namespace *"default" | string false Kubernetes Namespace to deploy to
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# todoApp.version *"v1.19.9" | string false Version of kubectl client
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="eks">
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```shell
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dagger input list -e kube
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# Input Value Set by user Description
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# awsConfig.region string false AWS region
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# awsConfig.accessKey dagger.#Secret false AWS access key
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# awsConfig.secretKey dagger.#Secret false AWS secret key
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# manifest dagger.#Artifact false input: source code repository, must contain a Dockerfile set with `dagger input dir manifest ./k8s -e kube`
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# eksConfig.clusterName string false EKS cluster name
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# eksConfig.version *"v1.19.9" | string false Kubectl version
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# todoApp.namespace *"default" | string false Kubernetes Namespace to deploy to
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# todoApp.version *"v1.19.9" | string false Version of kubectl client
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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Let's provide the missing inputs:
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<Tabs defaultValue="kind"
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groupId="provider"
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values={[
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{label: 'kind', value: 'kind'}, {label: 'GKE', value: 'gke'}, {label: 'EKS', value: 'eks'},
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]}>
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<TabItem value="kind">
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```shell
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# we'll use the "$HOME"/.kube/config created by `kind`
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dagger input text kubeconfig -f "$HOME"/.kube/config -e kube
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# Add as an artifact the k8s folder
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dagger input dir manifest ./k8s -e kube
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="gke">
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```shell
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# Add as an artifact the k8s folder
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dagger input dir manifest ./k8s -e kube
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# Add Google credentials
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dagger input text gcpConfig.project <PROJECT> -e kube
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dagger input text gcpConfig.region <REGION> -e kube
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dagger input secret gcpConfig.serviceKey -f <PATH TO THE SERVICEKEY.json> -e kube
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# Add GKE clusterName
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dagger input text gkeConfig.clusterName <GKE CLUSTER NAME> -e kube
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="eks">
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```shell
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# Add as an artifact the k8s folder
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dagger input dir manifest ./k8s -e kube
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# Add Amazon credentials
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dagger input text awsConfig.region <REGION> -e kube
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dagger input secret awsConfig.accessKey <ACCESS KEY> -e kube
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dagger input secret awsConfig.secretKey <SECRET KEY> -e kube
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# Add EKS clustername
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dagger input text eksConfig.clusterName <EKS CLUSTER NAME> -e kube
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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### Deploying
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Now is time to deploy to Kubernetes.
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```shell
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dagger up -e kube
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# deploy | computing
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# deploy | #26 0.700 deployment.apps/todoapp created
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# deploy | #27 0.705 service/todoapp-service created
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# deploy | completed duration=1.405s
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```
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Let's verify if the deployment worked:
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```shell
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kubectl get deployments
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# NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
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# todoapp 1/1 1 1 1m
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```
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Before continuing, cleanup deployment:
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```shell
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kubectl delete -f k8s/
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# deployment.apps "todoapp" deleted
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# service "todoapp-service" deleted
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```
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## Building, pushing, and deploying Docker images
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Rather than deploying an existing (`todoapp`) image, we're going to build a Docker image from the source, push it to a
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registry, and update the Kubernetes configuration.
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### Update the plan
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<Tabs defaultValue="kind"
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groupId="provider"
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values={[
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{label: 'kind', value: 'kind'}, {label: 'GKE', value: 'gke'}, {label: 'EKS', value: 'eks'},
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]}>
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<TabItem value="kind">
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Let's see how to deploy an image locally and push it to the local cluster
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`kube/todoapp.cue` faces these changes:
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- `suffix`, a random string for a unique tag name
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- `repository`, source code of the app to build. It needs to have a Dockerfile
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- `registry`, URI of the registry to push to
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- `image`, build of the image
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- `remoteImage`, push an image to the registry
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- `kustomization`, apply kustomization to image
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```cue title="todoapp/kube/todoapp.cue"
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package main
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import (
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"encoding/yaml"
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"alpha.dagger.io/dagger"
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"alpha.dagger.io/random"
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"alpha.dagger.io/docker"
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"alpha.dagger.io/kubernetes"
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"alpha.dagger.io/kubernetes/kustomize"
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)
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// Randrom string for tag
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suffix: random.#String & {
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seed: ""
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}
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// input: source code repository, must contain a Dockerfile
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// set with `dagger input dir repository . -e kube`
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repository: dagger.#Artifact & dagger.#Input
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// Registry to push images to
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registry: string & dagger.#Input
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tag: "test-kind-\(suffix.out)"
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// input: kubernetes objects directory to deploy to
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// set with `dagger input dir manifest ./k8s -e kube`
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manifest: dagger.#Artifact & dagger.#Input
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// Todoapp deployment pipeline
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todoApp: {
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// Build the image from repositoru artifact
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image: docker.#Build & {
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source: repository
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}
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// Push image to registry
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remoteImage: docker.#Push & {
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target: "\(registry):\(tag)"
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source: image
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}
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// Update the image from manifest to use the deployed one
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kustomization: kustomize.#Kustomize & {
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source: manifest
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// Convert CUE to YAML.
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kustomization: yaml.Marshal({
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resources: ["deployment.yaml", "service.yaml"]
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images: [{
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name: "public.ecr.aws/j7f8d3t2/todoapp"
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newName: remoteImage.ref
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}]
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})
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}
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// Deploy the customized manifest to a kubernetes cluster
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kubeSrc: kubernetes.#Resources & {
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"kubeconfig": kubeconfig
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source: kustomization
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}
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}
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```
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</TabItem>
|
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|
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<TabItem value="gke">
|
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|
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Let's see how to leverage [GCR](https://github.com/dagger/dagger/tree/main/stdlib/gcp/gcr)
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and [GKE](https://github.com/dagger/dagger/tree/main/stdlib/gcp/gke) packages.
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The two files have to be edited to do so.
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`kube/config.cue` configuration has following change:
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- definition of a new `ecrCreds` value that contains ecr credentials for remote image push to GCR
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|
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```cue title="todoapp/cue.mod/kube/config.cue"
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package main
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import (
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"alpha.dagger.io/gcp"
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"alpha.dagger.io/gcp/gcr"
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"alpha.dagger.io/gcp/gke"
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)
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// Value created for generic reference of `kubeconfig` in `todoapp.cue`
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kubeconfig: gkeConfig.kubeconfig
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// gcpConfig used for Google connection
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gcpConfig: gcp.#Config
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// gkeConfig used for deployment
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gkeConfig: gke.#KubeConfig & {
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// config field references `gkeConfig` value to set in once
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config: gcpConfig
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}
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|
// gcrCreds used for remote image push
|
|
gcrCreds: gcr.#Credentials & {
|
|
// config field references `gcpConfig` value to set in once
|
|
config: gcpConfig
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
`kube/todoapp.cue`, on the other hand, faces these changes:
|
|
|
|
- `suffix`, a random string for a unique tag name
|
|
- `repository`, source code of the app to build. It needs to have a Dockerfile
|
|
- `registry`, URI of the registry to push to
|
|
- `image`, build of the image
|
|
- `remoteImage`, push an image to the registry
|
|
- `kustomization`, apply kustomization to image
|
|
|
|
```cue title="todoapp/kube/todoapp.cue"
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
import (
|
|
"encoding/yaml"
|
|
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/dagger"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/random"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/docker"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/kubernetes"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/kubernetes/kustomize"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
// Randrom string for tag
|
|
suffix: random.#String & {
|
|
seed: ""
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// input: source code repository, must contain a Dockerfile
|
|
// set with `dagger input dir repository . -e kube`
|
|
repository: dagger.#Artifact & dagger.#Input
|
|
|
|
// GCR registry to push images to
|
|
registry: string & dagger.#Input
|
|
tag: "test-gcr-\(suffix.out)"
|
|
|
|
// source of Kube config file.
|
|
// set with `dagger input dir manifest ./k8s -e kube`
|
|
manifest: dagger.#Artifact & dagger.#Input
|
|
|
|
// Declarative name
|
|
todoApp: {
|
|
// Build an image from the project repository
|
|
image: docker.#Build & {
|
|
source: repository
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Push the image to a remote registry
|
|
remoteImage: docker.#Push & {
|
|
target: "\(registry):\(tag)"
|
|
source: image
|
|
auth: {
|
|
username: gcrCreds.username
|
|
secret: gcrCreds.secret
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Update the image of the deployment to the deployed image
|
|
kustomization: kustomize.#Kustomize & {
|
|
source: manifest
|
|
|
|
// Convert CUE to YAML.
|
|
kustomization: yaml.Marshal({
|
|
resources: ["deployment.yaml", "service.yaml"]
|
|
|
|
images: [{
|
|
name: "public.ecr.aws/j7f8d3t2/todoapp"
|
|
newName: remoteImage.ref
|
|
}]
|
|
})
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Value created for generic reference of `kubeconfig` in `todoapp.cue`
|
|
kubeSrc: kubernetes.#Resources & {
|
|
kubeconfig: kubeconfig
|
|
source: kustomization
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
</TabItem>
|
|
<TabItem value="eks">
|
|
|
|
Let's see how to leverage [ECR](https://github.com/dagger/dagger/tree/main/stdlib/aws/ecr)
|
|
and [EKS](https://github.com/dagger/dagger/tree/main/stdlib/aws/eks) packages.
|
|
|
|
The two files have to be edited to do so.
|
|
|
|
`kube/config.cue` configuration has following change:
|
|
|
|
- definition of a new `ecrCreds` value that contains ecr credentials for remote image push to ECR
|
|
|
|
```cue title="todoapp/kube/config.cue"
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
import (
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/aws"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/aws/eks"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/aws/ecr"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
// Value created for generic reference of `kubeconfig` in `todoapp.cue`
|
|
kubeconfig: eksConfig.kubeconfig
|
|
|
|
// awsConfig for Amazon connection
|
|
awsConfig: aws.#Config
|
|
|
|
// eksConfig used for deployment
|
|
eksConfig: eks.#KubeConfig & {
|
|
// config field references `awsConfig` value to set in once
|
|
config: awsConfig
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// ecrCreds used for remote image push
|
|
ecrCreds: ecr.#Credentials & {
|
|
// config field references `awsConfig` value to set in once
|
|
config: awsConfig
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
`kube/todoapp.cue`, on the other hand, faces these changes:
|
|
|
|
- `suffix`, a random string for a unique tag name
|
|
- `repository`, source code of the app to build. It needs to have a Dockerfile
|
|
- `registry`, URI of the registry to push to
|
|
- `image`, build of the image
|
|
- `remoteImage`, push an image to the registry
|
|
- `kustomization`, apply kustomization to image
|
|
|
|
```cue title="todoapp/kube/todoapp.cue"
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
import (
|
|
"encoding/yaml"
|
|
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/dagger"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/random"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/docker"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/kubernetes"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/kubernetes/kustomize"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
// Randrom string for tag
|
|
suffix: random.#String & {
|
|
seed: ""
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// input: source code repository, must contain a Dockerfile
|
|
// set with `dagger input dir repository . -e kube`
|
|
repository: dagger.#Artifact & dagger.#Input
|
|
|
|
// ECR registry to push images to
|
|
registry: string & dagger.#Input
|
|
tag: "test-ecr-\(suffix.out)"
|
|
|
|
// source of Kube config file.
|
|
// set with `dagger input dir manifest ./k8s -e kube`
|
|
manifest: dagger.#Artifact & dagger.#Input
|
|
|
|
todoApp: {
|
|
// Build an image from the project repository
|
|
image: docker.#Build & {
|
|
source: repository
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Push the image to a remote registry
|
|
remoteImage: docker.#Push & {
|
|
target: "\(registry):\(tag)"
|
|
source: image
|
|
auth: {
|
|
username: ecrCreds.username
|
|
secret: ecrCreds.secret
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Update the image of the deployment to the deployed image
|
|
kustomization: kustomize.#Kustomize & {
|
|
source: manifest
|
|
|
|
// Convert CUE to YAML.
|
|
kustomization: yaml.Marshal({
|
|
resources: ["deployment.yaml", "service.yaml"]
|
|
|
|
images: [{
|
|
name: "public.ecr.aws/j7f8d3t2/todoapp"
|
|
newName: remoteImage.ref
|
|
}]
|
|
})
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Value created for generic reference of `kubeconfig` in `todoapp.cue`
|
|
kubeSrc: kubernetes.#Resources & {
|
|
kubeconfig: kubeconfig
|
|
source: kustomization
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
</TabItem>
|
|
</Tabs>
|
|
|
|
### Connect the Inputs
|
|
|
|
<Tabs defaultValue="kind"
|
|
groupId="provider"
|
|
values={[
|
|
{label: 'kind', value: 'kind'}, {label: 'GKE', value: 'gke'}, {label: 'EKS', value: 'eks'},
|
|
]}>
|
|
|
|
<TabItem value="kind">
|
|
|
|
Next, we'll provide the two new inputs, `repository` and `registry`.
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
# A name after `localhost:5000/` is required to avoid error on push to the local registry
|
|
dagger input text registry "localhost:5000/kind" -e kube
|
|
|
|
# Add todoapp (current folder) to repository value
|
|
dagger input dir repository . -e kube
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
</TabItem>
|
|
<TabItem value="gke">
|
|
|
|
Next, we'll provide the two new inputs, `repository` and `registry`.
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
# Add registry to export built image to
|
|
dagger input text registry <URI> -e kube
|
|
|
|
# Add todoapp (current folder) to repository value
|
|
dagger input dir repository . -e kube
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
</TabItem>
|
|
<TabItem value="eks">
|
|
|
|
Next, we'll provide the two new inputs, `repository` and `registry`.
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
# Add registry to export built image to
|
|
dagger input text registry <URI> -e kube
|
|
|
|
# Add todoapp (current folder) to repository value
|
|
dagger input dir repository . -e kube
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
</TabItem>
|
|
</Tabs>
|
|
|
|
### Bring up the changes
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
dagger up -e kube
|
|
# 4:09AM INF suffix.out | computing
|
|
# 4:09AM INF manifest | computing
|
|
# 4:09AM INF repository | computing
|
|
# ...
|
|
# 4:09AM INF todoApp.kubeSrc | #37 0.858 service/todoapp-service created
|
|
# 4:09AM INF todoApp.kubeSrc | #37 0.879 deployment.apps/todoapp created
|
|
# Output Value Description
|
|
# suffix.out "azkestizysbx" generated random string
|
|
# todoApp.remoteImage.ref "localhost:5000/kind:test-kind-azkestizysbx@sha256:cb8d92518b876a3fe15a23f7c071290dfbad50283ad976f3f5b93e9f20cefee6" Image ref
|
|
# todoApp.remoteImage.digest "sha256:cb8d92518b876a3fe15a23f7c071290dfbad50283ad976f3f5b93e9f20cefee6" Image digest
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Let's verify if the deployment worked:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
kubectl get deployments
|
|
# NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
|
|
# todoapp 1/1 1 1 50s
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Before continuing, cleanup deployment:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
kubectl delete -f k8s/
|
|
# deployment.apps "todoapp" deleted
|
|
# service "todoapp-service" deleted
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## CUE Kubernetes manifest
|
|
|
|
This section will convert Kubernetes YAML manifest from `k8s` directory to [CUE](https://cuelang.org/) to take advantage
|
|
of the language features.
|
|
|
|
> For a more advanced example, see the [official CUE Kubernetes tutorial](https://github.com/cuelang/cue/blob/v0.4.0/doc/tutorial/kubernetes/README.md)
|
|
|
|
### Convert Kubernetes objects to CUE
|
|
|
|
First, let's create re-usable definitions for the `deployment` and the `service` to remove a lot of boilerplate
|
|
and repetition.
|
|
|
|
Let's define a re-usable `#Deployment` definition in `kube/deployment.cue`.
|
|
|
|
```cue title="todoapp/cue.mod/kube/deployment.cue"
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
// Deployment template containing all the common boilerplate shared by
|
|
// deployments of this application.
|
|
#Deployment: {
|
|
// Name of the deployment. This will be used to label resources automatically
|
|
// and generate selectors.
|
|
name: string
|
|
|
|
// Container image.
|
|
image: string
|
|
|
|
// 80 is the default port.
|
|
port: *80 | int
|
|
|
|
// 1 is the default, but we allow any number.
|
|
replicas: *1 | int
|
|
|
|
// Deployment manifest. Uses the name, image, port and replicas above to
|
|
// generate the resource manifest.
|
|
manifest: {
|
|
apiVersion: "apps/v1"
|
|
kind: "Deployment"
|
|
metadata: {
|
|
"name": name
|
|
labels: app: name
|
|
}
|
|
spec: {
|
|
"replicas": replicas
|
|
selector: matchLabels: app: name
|
|
template: {
|
|
metadata: labels: app: name
|
|
spec: containers: [{
|
|
"name": name
|
|
"image": image
|
|
ports: [{
|
|
containerPort: port
|
|
}]
|
|
}]
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Indeed, let's also define a re-usable `#Service` definition in `kube/service.cue`.
|
|
|
|
```cue title="todoapp/cue.mod/kube/service.cue"
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
// Service template containing all the common boilerplate shared by
|
|
// services of this application.
|
|
#Service: {
|
|
// Name of the service. This will be used to label resources automatically
|
|
// and generate selector.
|
|
name: string
|
|
|
|
// NodePort is the default service type.
|
|
type: *"NodePort" | "LoadBalancer" | "ClusterIP" | "ExternalName"
|
|
|
|
// Ports where the service should listen
|
|
ports: [string]: number
|
|
|
|
// Service manifest. Uses the name, type and ports above to
|
|
// generate the resource manifest.
|
|
manifest: {
|
|
apiVersion: "v1"
|
|
kind: "Service"
|
|
metadata: {
|
|
"name": "\(name)-service"
|
|
labels: app: name
|
|
}
|
|
spec: {
|
|
"type": type
|
|
"ports": [
|
|
for k, v in ports {
|
|
"name": k
|
|
port: v
|
|
},
|
|
]
|
|
selector: app: name
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Generate Kubernetes manifest
|
|
|
|
Now that you have generic definitions for your Kubernetes objects. You can use them to get back your YAML definition
|
|
without having boilerplate nor repetition.
|
|
|
|
Create a new definition named `#AppManifest` that will generate the YAML in `kube/manifest.cue`.
|
|
|
|
```cue title="todoapp/cue.mod/kube/manifest.cue"
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
import (
|
|
"encoding/yaml"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
// Define and generate kubernetes deployment to deploy to kubernetes cluster
|
|
#AppManifest: {
|
|
// Name of the application
|
|
name: string
|
|
|
|
// Image to deploy to
|
|
image: string
|
|
|
|
// Define a kubernetes deployment object
|
|
deployment: #Deployment & {
|
|
"name": name
|
|
"image": image
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Define a kubernetes service object
|
|
service: #Service & {
|
|
"name": name
|
|
ports: "http": deployment.port
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Merge definitions and convert them back from CUE to YAML
|
|
manifest: yaml.MarshalStream([deployment.manifest, service.manifest])
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Update manifest
|
|
|
|
You can now remove the `manifest` input in `kube/todoapp.cue` and instead use the manifest created by `#AppManifest`.
|
|
|
|
`kube/todoapp.cue` configuration has following changes:
|
|
|
|
- removal of unused imported `encoding/yaml` and `kustomize` packages.
|
|
- removal of `manifest` input that is doesn't need anymore.
|
|
- removal of `kustomization` to replace it with `#AppManifest` definition.
|
|
- Update `kubeSrc` to use `manifest` field instead of `source` because we don't send Kubernetes manifest of `dagger.#Artifact` type anymore.
|
|
|
|
<Tabs defaultValue="kind"
|
|
groupId="provider"
|
|
values={[
|
|
{label: 'kind', value: 'kind'}, {label: 'GKE', value: 'gke'}, {label: 'EKS', value: 'eks'},
|
|
]}>
|
|
|
|
<TabItem value="kind">
|
|
|
|
```cue title="todoapp/cue.mod/kube/todoapp.cue"
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
import (
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/dagger"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/random"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/docker"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/kubernetes"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
// Randrom string for tag
|
|
suffix: random.#String & {
|
|
seed: ""
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// input: source code repository, must contain a Dockerfile
|
|
// set with `dagger input dir repository . -e kube`
|
|
repository: dagger.#Artifact & dagger.#Input
|
|
|
|
// Registry to push images to
|
|
registry: string & dagger.#Input
|
|
tag: "test-kind-\(suffix.out)"
|
|
|
|
// Todoapp deployment pipeline
|
|
todoApp: {
|
|
// Build the image from repositoru artifact
|
|
image: docker.#Build & {
|
|
source: repository
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Push image to registry
|
|
remoteImage: docker.#Push & {
|
|
target: "\(registry):\(tag)"
|
|
source: image
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Generate deployment manifest
|
|
deployment: #AppManifest & {
|
|
name: "todoapp"
|
|
image: remoteImage.ref
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Deploy the customized manifest to a kubernetes cluster
|
|
kubeSrc: kubernetes.#Resources & {
|
|
"kubeconfig": kubeconfig
|
|
manifest: deployment.manifest
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
</TabItem>
|
|
<TabItem value="gke">
|
|
|
|
```cue title="todoapp/cue.mod/kube/todoapp.cue"
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
import (
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/dagger"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/random"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/docker"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/kubernetes"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
// Randrom string for tag
|
|
suffix: random.#String & {
|
|
seed: ""
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// input: source code repository, must contain a Dockerfile
|
|
// set with `dagger input dir repository . -e kube`
|
|
repository: dagger.#Artifact & dagger.#Input
|
|
|
|
// GCR registry to push images to
|
|
registry: string & dagger.#Input
|
|
tag: "test-gcr-\(suffix.out)"
|
|
|
|
// Todoapp deployment pipeline
|
|
todoApp: {
|
|
// Build the image from repositoru artifact
|
|
image: docker.#Build & {
|
|
source: repository
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Push image to registry
|
|
remoteImage: docker.#Push & {
|
|
target: "\(registry):\(tag)"
|
|
source: image
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Generate deployment manifest
|
|
deployment: #AppManifest & {
|
|
name: "todoApp"
|
|
image: remoteImage.ref
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Deploy the customized manifest to a kubernetes cluster
|
|
kubeSrc: kubernetes.#Resources & {
|
|
"kubeconfig": kubeconfig
|
|
manifest: deployment.manifest
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
</TabItem>
|
|
<TabItem value="eks">
|
|
|
|
```cue title="todoapp/cue.mod/kube/todoapp.cue"
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
import (
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/dagger"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/random"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/docker"
|
|
"alpha.dagger.io/kubernetes"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
// Randrom string for tag
|
|
suffix: random.#String & {
|
|
seed: ""
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// input: source code repository, must contain a Dockerfile
|
|
// set with `dagger input dir repository . -e kube`
|
|
repository: dagger.#Artifact & dagger.#Input
|
|
|
|
// ECR registry to push images to
|
|
registry: string & dagger.#Input
|
|
tag: "test-ecr-\(suffix.out)"
|
|
|
|
// Todoapp deployment pipeline
|
|
todoApp: {
|
|
// Build the image from repositoru artifact
|
|
image: docker.#Build & {
|
|
source: repository
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Push image to registry
|
|
remoteImage: docker.#Push & {
|
|
target: "\(registry):\(tag)"
|
|
source: image
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Generate deployment manifest
|
|
deployment: #AppManifest & {
|
|
name: "todoApp"
|
|
image: remoteImage.ref
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Deploy the customized manifest to a kubernetes cluster
|
|
kubeSrc: kubernetes.#Resources & {
|
|
"kubeconfig": kubeconfig
|
|
manifest: deployment.manifest
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
</TabItem>
|
|
</Tabs>
|
|
|
|
### Remove unused input
|
|
|
|
Now that we manage our Kubernetes manifest in CUE, we don't need `manifest` anymore.
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
# Remove `manifest` input
|
|
dagger input unset manifest -e kube
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Deployment
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
dagger up -e kube
|
|
# 4:09AM INF suffix.out | computing
|
|
# 4:09AM INF manifest | computing
|
|
# 4:09AM INF repository | computing
|
|
# ...
|
|
# 4:09AM INF todoApp.kubeSrc | #37 0.858 service/todoapp-service created
|
|
# 4:09AM INF todoApp.kubeSrc | #37 0.879 deployment.apps/todoapp created
|
|
# Output Value Description
|
|
# suffix.out "abdkektizesxb" generated random string
|
|
# todoApp.remoteImage.ref "localhost:5000/kind:test-kind-abdkektizesxb@sha256:cb8d91518b076a3fe15a33f7c171290dfbad50283ad976f3f5b93e9f33cefag7" Image ref
|
|
# todoApp.remoteImage.digest "sha256:cb8d91518b076a3fe15a33f7c171290dfbad50283ad976f3f5b93e9f33cefag7" Image digest
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Let's verify that the deployment worked:
|
|
|
|
```shell
|
|
kubectl get deployments
|
|
# NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
|
|
# todoapp 1/1 1 1 37s
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Next Steps
|
|
|
|
Integrate Helm with Dagger:
|
|
|
|
- [Helm](https://github.com/dagger/dagger/tree/main/stdlib/kubernetes/helm)
|