rhai/RELEASES.md

Rhai Release Notes

Version 0.19.6

This version adds the switch statement.

It also allows exposing selected module functions (usually methods) to the global namespace. This is very convenient when encapsulating the API of a custom Rust type into a module while having methods and iterators registered on the custom type work normally.

A new gen_fn_signatures API enables enumerating the registered functions of an Engine for documentation purposes. It also prepares the way for a future reflection API.

Bug fixes

• Custom syntax that introduces a shadowing variable now works properly.

Breaking changes

• Module::set_fn, Module::set_raw_fn and Module::set_fn_XXX_mut all take an additional parameter of FnNamespace.
• Module::set_fn takes a further parameter with a list of parameter names/types plus the function return type, if any.
• Module::get_sub_module_mut is removed.
• begin, end, unless are now reserved keywords.
• EvalPackage is removed in favor of Engine::disable_symbol.

New features

• New switch statement.
• New do ... while and do ... until statements.
• New Engine::gen_fn_signatures, Module::gen_fn_signatures and PackagesCollection::gen_fn_signatures to generate a list of signatures for functions registered.
• New Engine::register_module to register a module as a sub-module in the global namespace.
• New set_exported_global_fn! macro to register a plugin function and expose it to the global namespace.
• Module::set_fn_XXX_mut can expose a module function to the global namespace. This is convenient when registering an API for a custom type.
• Module::set_getter_fn, Module::set_setter_fn, Module::set_indexer_get_fn, Module::set_indexer_set_fn all expose the function to the global namespace by default. This is convenient when registering an API for a custom type.
• New Module::update_fn_metadata to update a module function's parameter names and types.
• New #[rhai_fn(global)] and #[rhai_fn(internal)] attributes to determine whether a function defined in a plugin module should be exposed to the global namespace. This is convenient when defining an API for a custom type.
• New get_fn_metadata_list to get the metadata of all script-defined functions in scope.

Enhancements

• New constants under Dynamic including UNIT, TRUE, FALSE, ZERO, ONE etc.

Version 0.19.5

This version fixes a bug that prevents compilation with the internals feature. It also speeds up importing modules.

Bug fixes

• Fixes compilation error when using the internals feature. Bug introduced in 0.19.4.
• Importing script files recursively no longer panics.

Breaking changes

• Modules imported at global level can now be accessed in functions.
• ModuleResolver::resolve now returns Shared<Module> for better resources sharing when loading modules.
• ParseErrorType::DuplicatedExport is removed as multiple export's are now allowed.

Enhancements

• Modules imported via import statements at global level can now be used in functions. There is no longer any need to re-import the modules at the beginning of each function block.
• Modules imported via import statements are encapsulated into the AST when loading a module from a script file.
• export keyword can now be tagged onto let and const statements as a short-hand, e.g.: export let x = 42;
• Variables can now be export-ed multiple times under different names.
• index_of, == and != are defined for arrays.
• == and != are defined for object maps.

Version 0.19.4

This version basically cleans up the code structure in preparation for a potential 1.0 release in the future. Most scripts should see a material speed increase.

This version also adds a low-level API for more flexibility when defining custom syntax.

Bug fixes

• Fixes Send + Sync for EvalAltResult under the sync feature. Bug introduced with 0.19.3.

Breaking changes

• Custom syntax can no longer start with a keyword (even a reserved one), even if it has been disabled. That is to avoid breaking scripts later when the keyword is no longer disabled.

Changes to Error Handling

• EvalAltResult::ErrorAssignmentToUnknownLHS is moved to ParseError::AssignmentToInvalidLHS. ParseError::AssignmentToCopy is removed.
• EvalAltResult::ErrorDataTooLarge is simplified.
• Engine::on_progress closure signature now returns Option<Dynamic> with the termination value passed on to EvalAltResult::ErrorTerminated.
• ParseErrorType::BadInput now wraps a LexError instead of a text string.

New features

• f32_float feature to set FLOAT to f32.
• Low-level API for custom syntax allowing more flexibility in designing the syntax.
• Module::fill_with to poly-fill a module with another.
• Scripts terminated via Engine::on_progress can now pass on a value as a termination token.

Enhancements

• Essential AST structures like Expr and Stmt are packed into smaller sizes (16 bytes and 32 bytes on 64-bit), stored inline for more cache friendliness, and de-Boxed as much as possible.
• Scope is optimized for cache friendliness.

Version 0.19.3

This version streamlines some of the advanced API's, and adds the try ... catch statement to catch exceptions.

Breaking changes

• EvalAltResult::ErrorReadingScriptFile is removed in favor of the new EvalAltResult::ErrorSystem.
• EvalAltResult::ErrorLoopBreak is renamed to EvalAltResult::LoopBreak.
• Engine::register_raw_fn and FnPtr::call_dynamic function signatures have changed.
• Callback signatures to Engine::on_var and Engine::register_custom_syntax have changed.
• EvalAltResult::ErrorRuntime now wraps a Dynamic instead of a string.
• Default call stack depth for debug builds is reduced to 8 (from 12) because it keeps overflowing the stack in GitHub CI!
• Keyword thread is reserved.

New features

• The plugins system is enhanced to support functions taking a NativeCallContext as the first parameter.
• throw statement can now throw any value instead of just text strings.
• New try ... catch statement to catch exceptions.

Enhancements

• Calling eval or Fn in method-call style, which is an error, is now caught during parsing.
• func!() call style is valid even under no_closure feature.

Version 0.19.2

Bug fix on call module functions.

Version 0.19.1

This version adds a variable resolver with the ability to short-circuit variable access, plus a whole bunch of array methods.

Breaking changes

• AST::iter_functions now returns an iterator instead of taking a closure.
• Module::get_script_function_by_signature renamed to Module::get_script_fn and returns &<Shared<ScriptFnDef>>.
• Module::num_fn, Module::num_var and Module::num_iter are removed and merged into Module::count.
• The merge_namespaces parameter to Module::eval_ast_as_new is removed and now defaults to true.
• GlobalFileModuleResolver is removed because its performance gain over the FileModuleResolver is no longer very significant.
• The following EvalAltResult variants are removed and merged into EvalAltResult::ErrorMismatchDataType: ErrorCharMismatch, ErrorNumericIndexExpr, ErrorStringIndexExpr, ErrorImportExpr, ErrorLogicGuard, ErrorBooleanArgMismatch
• Scope::iter_raw returns an iterator with an additional field indicating whether the variable is constant or not.
• rhai::ser and rhai::de namespaces are merged into rhai::serde.
• New reserved symbols: ++, --, .., ....
• Callback signature for custom syntax implementation function is changed to allow for more flexibility.
• Default call stack depth for debug builds is reduced to 12 (from 16).
• Precedence for ~ is raised, while in is moved below logic comparison operators.

New features

• New Engine::on_var to register a variable resolver.
• const statements can now take any expression (or none at all) instead of only constant values.
• OptimizationLevel::Simple now eagerly evaluates built-in binary operators of primary types (if not overloaded).
• is_def_var() to detect if variable is defined, and is_def_fn() to detect if script function is defined.
• Dynamic::from(&str) now constructs a Dynamic with a copy of the string as value.
• AST::combine and AST::combine_filtered allows combining two AST's without creating a new one.
• map, filter, reduce, reduce_rev, some, all, extract, splice, chop and sort functions for arrays.
• New Module::set_iterable and Module::set_iterator to define type iterators more easily. Engine::register_iterator is changed to use the simpler version.

Enhancements

• Many one-liners and few-liners are now marked #[inline] or [inline(always)], just in case it helps when LTO is not turned on.

Version 0.19.0

The major new feature for this version is Plugins support, powered by procedural macros. Plugins make it extremely easy to develop and register Rust functions with an Engine.

Bug fixes

• if statement with an empty true block would not evaluate the false block. This is now fixed.
• Fixes a bug in Module::set_fn_4_mut.
• Module API's now properly handle &str and String parameters.
• Indexers are available under no_object.
• Registered operator-assignment functions (e.g. +=) now work correctly.

Breaking changes

• Engine::register_set_result and Engine::register_indexer_set_result now take a function that returns Result<(), Box<EvalAltResult>>.
• Engine::register_indexer_XXX and Module::set_indexer_XXX panic when the type is Array, Map or String.
• EvalAltResult has a new variant ErrorInModule which holds errors when loading an external module.
• Module::eval_ast_as_new now takes an extra boolean parameter, indicating whether to encapsulate the entire module into a separate namespace.
• Functions in FileModuleResolver loaded modules now can cross-call each other in addition to functions in the global namespace. For the old behavior, use MergingFileModuleResolver instead.
• New EvalAltResult::ErrorInModule variant capturing errors when loading a module from a script file.

New features

• Plugins support via procedural macros.
• Scripted functions are allowed in packages.
• parse_int and parse_float functions for parsing numbers; split function for splitting strings.
• AST::iter_functions and Module::iter_script_fn_info to iterate functions.
• Functions iteration functions for AST and Module now take FnMut instead of Fn.
• New FileModuleResolver that encapsulates the entire AST of the module script, allowing function cross-calling. The old version is renamed MergingFileModuleResolver.
• + and - operators for timestamps to increment/decrement by seconds.

Version 0.18.3

Bug fixes

• Engine::compile_expression, Engine::eval_expression etc. no longer parse anonymous functions and closures.
• Imported modules now work inside closures.
• Closures that capture now work under no_object.

New features

• Adds Module::combine_flatten to combine two modules while flattening to the root level.

Version 0.18.2

Bug fixes

• Fixes bug that prevents calling functions in closures.
• Fixes bug that erroneously consumes the first argument to a namespace-qualified function call.

New features

• Adds Engine::register_get_result, Engine::register_set_result, Engine::register_indexer_get_result, Engine::register_indexer_set_result API.
• Adds Module::combine to combine two modules.
• Engine::parse_json now also accepts a JSON object starting with #{.

Version 0.18.1

This version adds:

• Anonymous functions (in Rust closure syntax). Simplifies creation of single-use ad-hoc functions.
• Currying of function pointers.
• Closures - auto-currying of anonymous functions to capture shared variables from the external scope. Use the no_closure feature to disable sharing values and capturing.
• Binding the this pointer in a function pointer call.
• Capturing call scope via func!(...) syntax.

New features

• call can now be called function-call style for function pointers - this is to handle builds with no_object.
• Reserve language keywords, such as print, eval, call, this etc.
• x.call(f, ...) allows binding x to this for the function referenced by the function pointer f.
• Anonymous functions are supported in the syntax of a Rust closure, e.g. |x, y, z| x + y - z.
• Custom syntax now works even without the internals feature.
• Currying of function pointers is supported via the new curry keyword.
• Automatic currying of anonymous functions to capture shared variables from the external scope.
• Capturing of the calling scope for function call via the func!(...) syntax.
• Module::set_indexer_get_set_fn is added as a short-hand of both Module::set_indexer_get_fn and Module::set_indexer_set_fn.
• New unicode-xid-ident feature to allow Unicode Standard Annex #31 for identifiers.
• Scope::iter_raw returns an iterator with a reference to the underlying Dynamic value (which may be shared).

Breaking changes

• Language keywords are now reserved (even when disabled) and they can no longer be used as variable names.
• Function signature for defining custom syntax is simplified.
• Engine::register_raw_fn_XXX API shortcuts are removed.
• PackagesCollection::get_fn, PackagesCollection::contains_fn, Module::get_fn and Module::contains_fn now take an additional public_only parameter indicating whether only public functions are accepted.
• The iterator returned by Scope::iter now contains a clone of the Dynamic value (unshared).
• Engine::load_package takes any type that is Into<PackageLibrary>.
• Error in Engine::register_custom_syntax is no longer Box-ed.

Housekeeping

• Most compilation warnings are eliminated via feature gates.

Version 0.17.0

This version adds:

• serde support for working with Dynamic values (particularly object maps).
• Low-level API to register functions.
• Surgically disable keywords and/or operators in the language.
• Define custom operators.
• Extend the language via custom syntax.

Bug fixes

• Fixed method calls in the middle of a dot chain.

Breaking changes

• EvalAltResult::ErrorMismatchOutputType has an extra argument containing the name of the requested type.
• Engine::call_fn_dynamic take an extra argument, allowing a Dynamic value to be bound to the this pointer.
• Precedence of the % (modulo) operator is lowered to below << ad >>. This is to handle the case of x << 3 % 10.

New features

• New serde feature to allow serializing/deserializing to/from Dynamic values using serde. This is particularly useful when converting a Rust struct to a Dynamic object map and back.
• Engine::disable_symbol to surgically disable keywords and/or operators.
• Engine::register_custom_operator to define a custom operator.
• Engine::register_custom_syntax to define a custom syntax.
• New low-level API Engine::register_raw_fn.
• New low-level API Module::set_raw_fn mirroring Engine::register_raw_fn.
• AST::clone_functions_only, AST::clone_functions_only_filtered and AST::clone_statements_only to clone only part of an AST.
• The boolean ^ (XOR) operator is added.
• FnPtr is exposed as the function pointer type.
• rhai::module_resolvers::ModuleResolversCollection added to try a list of module resolvers.
• It is now possible to mutate the first argument of a namespace-qualified function call when the argument is a simple variable (but not a module constant).
• Many configuration/setting API's now returns &mut Self so that the calls can be chained.
• String parameters in functions are supported (but inefficiently).

Version 0.16.1

Bug fix release to fix errors when compiling with features.

Version 0.16.0

The major new feature in this version is OOP - well, poor man's OOP, that is.

The README is officially transferred to The Rhai Book.

An online Playground is available.

Breaking changes

• The trait function ModuleResolver::resolve no longer takes a Scope as argument.
• Functions defined in script now differentiates between using method-call style and normal function-call style. The method-call style will bind the object to the this parameter instead of consuming the first parameter.
• Imported modules are no longer stored in the Scope. Scope::push_module is removed. Therefore, cannot rely on module imports to persist across invocations using a Scope.
• AST::retain_functions is used for another purpose. The old AST::retain_functions is renamed to AST::clear_statements.

New features

• Support for function pointers via Fn(name) and Fn.call(...) syntax - a poor man's first-class function.
• Support for calling script-defined functions in method-call style with this binding to the object.
• Special support in object maps for OOP.
• Expanded the AST API for fine-tuned manipulation of functions.

Enhancements

• The Rhai Book is online. Most content in the original README was transferred to the Book.
• New feature internals to expose internal data structures (e.g. the AST nodes).

Version 0.15.1

This is a minor release which enables updating indexers (via registered indexer setters) and supports functions with &str parameters (maps transparently to ImmutableString). WASM is also a tested target.

Bug fix

• let s="abc"; s[1].change_to('X'); now correctly sets the character 'X' into 's' yielding "aXc".

Breaking changes

• Callback closure passed to Engine::on_progress now takes &u64 instead of u64 to be consistent with other callback signatures.
• Engine::register_indexer is renamed to Engine::register_indexer_get.
• Module::set_indexer_fn is renamed to Module::set_indexer_get_fn.
• The tuple ParseError now exposes the internal fields and the ParseError::error_type and ParseError::position methods are removed. The first tuple field is the ParseErrorType and the second tuple field is the Position.
• Engine::call_fn_dynamic now takes any type that implements IntoIterator<Item = Dynamic>.

New features

• Indexers are now split into getters and setters (which now support updates). The API is split into Engine::register_indexer_get and Engine::register_indexer_set with Engine::register_indexer_get_set being a short-hand. Similarly, Module::set_indexer_get_fn and Module::set_indexer_set_fn are added.
• Engine:register_fn and Engine:register_result_fn accepts functions that take parameters of type &str (immutable string slice), which maps directly to ImmutableString. This is to avoid needing wrappers for functions taking string parameters.
• Set maximum limit on data sizes: Engine::set_max_string_size, Engine::set_max_array_size and Engine::set_max_map_size.
• Supports trailing commas on array literals, object map literals, function definitions and function calls.
• Enhances support for compiling to WASM.

Version 0.15.0

This version uses immutable strings (ImmutableString type) and built-in operator functions (e.g. +, >, +=) to improve speed, plus some bug fixes.

Regression fix

• Do not optimize script with eval_expression - it is assumed to be one-off and short.

Bug fixes

• Indexing with an index or dot expression now works property (it compiled wrongly before). For example, let s = "hello"; s[s.len-1] = 'x'; now works property instead of causing a runtime error.
• if expressions are not supposed to be allowed when compiling for expressions only. This is fixed.

Breaking changes

• Engine::compile_XXX functions now return ParseError instead of Box<ParseError>.
• The RegisterDynamicFn trait is merged into the RegisterResultFn trait which now always returns Result<Dynamic, Box<EvalAltResult>>.
• Default maximum limit on levels of nested function calls is fine-tuned and set to a different value.
• Some operator functions are now built in (see Speed enhancements below), so they are available even under Engine::new_raw.
• Strings are now immutable. The type rhai::ImmutableString is used instead of std::string::String. This is to avoid excessive cloning of strings. All native-Rust functions taking string parameters should switch to rhai::ImmutableString (which is either Rc<String> or Arc<String> depending on whether the sync feature is used).
• Native Rust functions registered with the Engine also mutates the first argument when called in normal function-call style (previously the first argument will be passed by value if not called in method-call style). Of course, if the first argument is a calculated value (e.g. result of an expression), then mutating it has no effect, but at least it is not cloned.
• Some built-in methods (e.g. len for string, floor for FLOAT) now have property versions in addition to methods to simplify coding.

New features

• Set limit on maximum level of nesting expressions and statements to avoid panics during parsing.
• New EvalPackage to disable eval.
• Module::set_getter_fn, Module::set_setter_fn and Module:set_indexer_fn to register getter/setter/indexer functions.
• Engine::call_fn_dynamic for more control in calling script functions.

Speed enhancements

• Common operators (e.g. +, >, ==) now call into highly efficient built-in implementations for standard types (i.e. INT, FLOAT, bool, char, () and ImmutableString) if not overridden by a registered function. This yields a 5-10% speed benefit depending on script operator usage. Scripts running tight loops will see significant speed-up.
• Common assignment operators (e.g. +=, %=) now call into highly efficient built-in implementations for standard types (i.e. INT, FLOAT, bool, char, () and ImmutableString) if not overridden by a registered function.
• Implementations of common operators for standard types are removed from the ArithmeticPackage and LogicPackage (and therefore the CorePackage) because they are now always available, even under Engine::new_raw.
• Operator-assignment statements (e.g. +=) are now handled directly and much faster.
• Strings are now immutable and use the rhai::ImmutableString type, eliminating large amounts of cloning.
• For Native Rust functions taking a first &mut parameter, the first argument is passed by reference instead of by value, even if not called in method-call style. This allows many functions declared with &mut parameter to avoid excessive cloning. For example, if a is a large array, getting its length in this manner: len(a) used to result in a full clone of a before taking the length and throwing the copy away. Now, a is simply passed by reference, avoiding the cloning altogether.
• A custom hasher simply passes through u64 keys without hashing to avoid function call hash keys (which are by themselves u64) being hashed twice.

Version 0.14.1

The major features for this release is modules, script resource limits, and speed improvements (mainly due to avoiding allocations).

New features

• Modules and module resolvers allow loading external scripts under a module namespace. A module can contain constant variables, Rust functions and Rhai functions.
• export variables and private functions.
• Indexers for Rust types.
• Track script evaluation progress and terminate script run.
• Set limit on maximum number of operations allowed per script run.
• Set limit on maximum number of modules loaded per script run.
• A new API, Engine::compile_scripts_with_scope, can compile a list of script segments without needing to first concatenate them together into one large string.
• Stepped range function with a custom step.

Speed improvements

StaticVec

A script contains many lists - statements in a block, arguments to a function call etc. In a typical script, most of these lists tend to be short - e.g. the vast majority of function calls contain fewer than 4 arguments, while most statement blocks have fewer than 4-5 statements, with one or two being the most common. Before, dynamic Vec's are used to hold these short lists for very brief periods of time, causing allocations churn.

In this version, large amounts of allocations are avoided by converting to a StaticVec - a list type based on a static array for a small number of items (currently four) - wherever possible plus other tricks. Most real-life scripts should see material speed increases.

Pre-computed variable lookups

Almost all variable lookups, as well as lookups in loaded modules, are now pre-computed. A variable's name is almost never used to search for the variable in the current scope.

Getters and setter function names are also pre-computed and cached, so no string allocations are performed during a property get/set call.

Pre-computed function call hashes

Lookup of all function calls, including Rust and Rhai ones, are now through pre-computed hashes. The function name is no longer used to search for a function, making function call dispatches much faster.

Large Boxes for expressions and statements

The expression (Expr) and statement (Stmt) types are modified so that all of the variants contain only one single Box to a large allocated structure containing all the fields. This makes the Expr and Stmt types very small (only one single pointer) and improves evaluation speed due to cache efficiency.

Error handling

Previously, when an error occurs inside a function call, the error position reported is the function call site. This makes it difficult to diagnose the actual location of the error within the function.

A new error variant EvalAltResult::ErrorInFunctionCall is added in this version. It wraps the internal error returned by the called function, including the error position within the function.